Low-frequency gravitational waves
The main focus of EPTA, in which our group participates, concerns the direct detection of the gravitational wave background from merging supermassive black holes using pulsars. Pulsars, in fact, emit radio waves that, unless altered, arrive at Earth like clockwork. If a gravitational wave is passing by, the stretching and squeezing of space-time affects the otherwise very precise times-of-arrival (ToA) of pulses from pulsars. Pulsar Timing Array experiments, in particular, search for a correlated variation in ToAs of the signals of an array of millisecond pulsars that have all encountered the same gravitational waves.
The EPTA observations are carried out with 5 of the largest radio telescopes in Europe: the Effelsberg Telescope (Germany), the Lovell telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory (UK), the Nançay Radio Telescope (France), the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (Netherlands) and the Sardinia Radio Telescope (Italy).